Pathology SNT - Meyerhof Otto Fritz

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Otto Meyerhoff (1884-1951) was a German biochemist, Doctor of Medicine (1909), Professor (1918), Nobel Prize winner (1922), and member of the Royal Society of England (1939).

He studied medicine in Freiburg, Berlin, and Strasbourg. Under the influence of O. Warburg he began to study animal physiology. In 1912-1924 he worked at the Laboratory of Physiology at the University of Kiel, from 1924 to 1929 - at the Biological Institute in Berlin-Dahlem, in 1929-1938 he headed the Department of Physiology at the Research Medical Institute in Heidelberg. In 1938, O. Meyerhof was forced to leave Nazi Germany and moved to Paris.

The main research of O. Meyerhoff is aimed at studying the biochemistry and energy of the muscle in work and at rest. He found that the formation of lactic acid in muscle tissue occurs both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions; he discovered the pathway of lactic acid transformation, which was called the Pasteur-Meyerhoff cycle. It is important that he and his colleagues discovered energy-rich phosphorus compounds, studied the energy effect of their breakdown, and investigated their role in muscle contraction and cellular metabolism. Meyerhoff's preparation of a cell-free muscle extract containing the entire set of enzymes required for glycolysis greatly facilitated the analysis of the individual stages of this complex process.

His last works were devoted to the characterization of macroergic phosphorus compounds, enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate-phosphorus compounds, in particular, the isolation and study of individual enzymes of oxidative and glycolytic processes. He was awarded the Nobel Prize (jointly with A. Hill) for the discovery of the correlation between oxygen consumption and lactic acid metabolism in muscles.

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