Pathology SNT - Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch

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Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (1843-1910) was a German physician, microbiologist, hygienist, and founder of modern bacteriology and epidemiology. He studied at the University of Göttingen (1862-1866), worked at a general hospital in Hamburg, the "Educational Institution for Mentally Retarded Children" in Langenhagen, as a military doctor (1870-1871), the Imperial Health Administration in Berlin (1880-1885), and as director of the Humboldt University of Infectious Diseases (1891-1904).

Since 1896, the scientist traveled on scientific expeditions to India, Africa, Italy, and New Guinea. In 1904, he resigned from the post of director of the Institute to study the information obtained during the expeditions.

He was a foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1884), the Paris Academy of Sciences (1903), a foreign member of the Royal Society of London (1897), and a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences (1904). In 1905, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the tuberculosis pathogen and the discovery of the so-called Koch's bacillus.

R. Koch's scientific activities were aimed at identifying pathogens and pathogenesis of such dangerous diseases as tuberculosis, anthrax, cholera, and malaria. He developed the concept of an infectious disease, invented tuberculin (1890), and introduced the concept of the "Koch triad" into the practice of epidemiology and microbiology, which shows three conditions for recognizing a microbe as a pathogen of a particular infectious disease:

- the microbe must always be detected in a patient with a given infection and be absent in other infections;

- the causative agent of this infection must be isolated in pure culture as a well-defined morphologically microorganism;

- in animals infected with pure culture, the manifestations of the disease should be similar to those found in the patient under study, they are determined by the number and distribution of microbes.

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