Pathology SNT - Frances Peyton Rous

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A major milestone in the history of oncology was the realization of the viral origin of tumors. Over the years, a number of scientists have hypothesized the viral origin of some types of tumors. However, it was Peyton Rous who managed to prove the viral nature of tumors. His first serious research was aimed at studying lymphocytes and malignant tumors.

In 1909, a farmer showed Rous a chicken with a tumor in the sternum. During histological examination, the scientist found signs of spindle cell sarcoma. Their cell-free tumor tissue extracts were injected into other chickens that also developed sarcoma.

Next, Rous achieved the transmission of the tumor to chickens for several generations. The scientist published the results of his research in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, where he noted that the neoplasms were the same as real tumors, and therefore their transmission using cell-free filtrates was of the utmost importance. The results allowed the scientist to assume that a virus was probably the necessary cause of the tumors. However, like the reports of Danish scientists who conducted similar studies of avian leukemia, Peyton Rous' results were ignored.

In 1912, the scientist proposed three theories of carcinogenesis mechanisms. The first of them stated that viruses infect the body during fetal development or at a young age, and in most cases are not detected at all. However, if the cells infected with the virus are exposed to a provoking factor, the process of cell degeneration and tumor growth can begin. According to the second theory, tumor formation depends on the influence of chemical "provoking carcinogens". And according to the third hypothesis, dormant viruses and chemical carcinogens, when interacting, can cause spontaneous tumors.

Subsequently, the type of tumor he studied was called Rawes' sarcoma, and the main etiologic factor was the Rawes' sarcoma virus.

Peyton Rous received a large number of honors and awards.

He has been awarded honorary degrees by many universities. He is a foreign fellow of the Royal Society of England, as well as its Royal Society of Medicine, Denmark, and the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters. The Weizmann Institute of Science appointed Rouse an honorary fellow, and the Academy of Medicine in Paris appointed him a foreign correspondent. He was awarded the Kovalenko Medal of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Cancer Society's Distinguished Service Award. He also received the Lasker Award of the American Public Health Association and the United Nations Prize for Cancer Research.

At the age of 87, he received the Nobel Prize for the discovery of oncogenic viruses. He shared the award with Charles Huggins, who is known for his work on the treatment of prostate cancer.

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